highlighter seacoast: 2012

Monday, December 24, 2012

First goat genome sets a good example for facilitating de novo assembly of large genomes

Dec. 23, 2012 ? In a collaborative study published online today in Nature Biotechnology, researchers from Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BGI, and other institutes, have completed the first genome sequence of domestic goat by a robust approach integrated with next-generation sequencing (NGS) and whole-genome mapping (WGM) technologies. The goat genome is the first reference genome for small ruminant animals and may help to advance the understanding of distinct ruminants' genomic features from non-ruminant species. This work also yields a valuable experience for facilitating the de novo assemblies of large, complex genomes in the future.

Goats are recognized as an important member of the world livestock industry, and with many unique biological features. They are an important economic resource in many developing countries around the world, especially in China and India. However, despite their agricultural and biological importance, breeding and genetic studies of goats have been hampered by the lack of a high quality reference genome sequence. The goat genome sequence will be useful for facilitating the identification of SNP markers for marker-assisted breeding, and improving the utility of the goat as a biomedical model and bioreactor.

With the availability of next-generation sequencing (NGS), draft assemblies are easy to generate nowadays. However, to finish a sequence to the chromosome level remains a hard nut to crack. In this study, the results show that a single NGS platform, when combined with whole-genome mapping technology, could produce a finished assembly much faster and with high quality than other currently available mapping strategies such as BACs or FISH. Through this integrated approach, researchers obtained the ~2.66 Gb goat reference genome from a female Yunnan black goat.

Transposable elements (TEs) are major components of mammalian genomes and contribute to gene and/or genome evolution. The TEs in goat genome are similar to those of cattle, and contain large numbers of ruminant-specific repeats, such as SINE-tRNA and SINE-BovA. It is reported that SINE-BovA repeat expanded primarily in the cattle genome. However, in this study, researchers found the SINE-tRNA repeat expanded specifically in the goat genome.

Through constructing a phylogenetic tree among goats, cattle, horses, dogs, opossums and humans, researchers found the goat shared a common ancestor with cattle about 23 million years ago. Further comparison analysis revealed 44 rapidly evolving genes under positive selection, seven of which are immune-related genes and three are pituitary hormone or related genes. The immune-related genes identified also exist in cattle. The findings suggest that the rapid evolution of pituitary hormones may be related to the different features between goat and cattle in milk production, development rates of the fetus and/or hair variation.

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays an important role in the immune system. In this study, the goat MHC was found to be located on chromosome 23 and contains two regions with length of 2.25 Mb and 360 kb, respectively. With the high quality genome assembly, further understanding of the goat MHC will be useful for immunological studies and vaccine development.

One of the distinguishing characteristics of mammals is the protective growth known as hair. It is produced by hair follicles within the skin, which could provide either protection (guard hairs) or insulation (underfur). The two major hair follicles include the primary hair follicle that produces only coat hair in all mammals, and the secondary hair follicle that can produce the cashmere or "fine hair" in certain mammals, including goats and antelopes. Despite a 2,500-year history and the extent of raw cashmere production, people are lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cashmere formation and development.

Researchers conducted transcriptomic analysis on the primary and secondary follicles of a cashmere goat, revealing 51 genes that are differentially expressed between the two types of hair follicles. Keratin and keratin-associated proteins are the main structural proteins of hair fibers, determining the quality of fiber together. In the study, 29 keratin genes and 30 keratin-associated protein genes were detected in both types of follicles. Interestingly, they found two keratin genes and ten keratin-associated protein genes were consistently differentially expressed between primary and secondary hair follicles, suggesting that the keratin-associated protein genes may be more important in determining the structure of cashmere fibers. In addition to the keratin genes and keratin-associated protein genes, researchers also found several enzymes of amino acid biosynthesis, with implications in regulating primary hair growth and hair cycle.

Xun Xu, Deputy Director of BGI, said, "The goat reference genome is an important stepping stone in the molecular breeding of cashmere goats, and will help to advance the comparative studies on ruminants. The transcriptomic analysis on the primary and secondary follicles will open a new way for better improving the quality cashmere wool."

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by BGI Shenzhen, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

Journal Reference:

Yang Dong, Min Xie, Yu Jiang, Nianqing Xiao, Xiaoyong Du, Wenguang Zhang, Gwenola Tosser-Klopp, Jinhuan Wang, Shuang Yang, Jie Liang, Wenbin Chen, Jing Chen, Peng Zeng, Yong Hou, Chao Bian, Shengkai Pan, Yuxiang Li, Xin Liu, Wenliang Wang, Bertrand Servin, Brian Sayre, Bin Zhu, Deacon Sweeney, Rich Moore, Wenhui Nie, Yongyi Shen, Ruoping Zhao, Guojie Zhang, Jinquan Li, Thomas Faraut, James Womack, Yaping Zhang, James Kijas, Noelle Cockett, Xun Xu, Shuhong Zhao, Jun Wang, Wen Wang. Sequencing and automated whole-genome optical mapping of the genome of a domestic goat (Capra hircus). Nature Biotechnology, 2012; DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2478

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Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/CNn97tXK9DU/121223152629.htm

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Tuesday, December 18, 2012

Exploding star missing from formation of solar system

Dec. 16, 2012 ? A new study published by University of Chicago researchers challenges the notion that the force of an exploding star forced the formation of the solar system.

In this study, published online last month in Earth and Planetary Science Letters, authors Haolan Tang and Nicolas Dauphas found the radioactive isotope iron 60 -- the telltale sign of an exploding star -- low in abundance and well mixed in solar system material. As cosmochemists, they look for remnants of stellar explosions in meteorites to help determine the conditions under which the solar system formed.

Some remnants are radioactive isotopes: unstable, energetic atoms that decay over time. Scientists in the past decade have found high amounts of the radioactive isotope iron 60 in early solar system materials. "If you have iron 60 in high abundance in the solar system, that's a 'smoking gun' -- evidence for the presence of a supernova," said Dauphas, professor in geophysical sciences.

Iron 60 can only originate from a supernova, so scientists have tried to explain this apparent abundance by suggesting that a supernova occurred nearby, spreading the isotope through the explosion.

But Tang and Dauphas' results were different from previous work: They discovered that levels of iron 60 were uniform and low in early solar system material. They arrived at these conclusions by testing meteorite samples. To measure iron 60's abundance, they looked at the same materials that previous researchers had worked on, but used a different, more precise approach that yielded evidence of very low iron 60.

Previous methods kept the meteorite samples intact and did not remove impurities completely, which may have led to greater errors in measurement. Tang and Dauphas' approach, however, required that they "digest" their meteorite samples into solution before measurement, which allowed them to thoroughly remove the impurities.

This process ultimately produced results with much smaller errors. "Haolan has dedicated five years of very hard work to reach these conclusions, so we did not make those claims lightly. We've been extremely careful to reach a point where we're ready to go public on those measurements," Dauphas said.

To address whether iron 60 was widely distributed, Tang and Dauphas looked at another isotope of iron, iron 58. Supernovae produce both isotopes by the same processes, so they were able to trace the distribution of iron 60 by measuring the distribution of iron 58.

"The two isotopes act like inseparable twins: Once we knew where iron 58 was, we knew iron 60 couldn't be very far away," Dauphas explained.

They found little variation of iron 58 in their measurements of various meteorite samples, which confirmed their conclusion that iron 60 was uniformly distributed. To account for their unprecedented findings, Tang and Dauphas suggest that the low levels of iron 60 probably came from the long-term accumulation of iron 60 in the interstellar medium from the ashes of countless stars past, instead of a nearby cataclysmic event like a supernova.

If this is true, Dauphas said, there is then "no need to invoke any nearby star to make iron 60." However, it is more difficult to account for the high abundance of aluminum 26, which implies the presence of a nearby star.

Instead of explaining this abundance by supernova, Tang and Dauphas propose that a massive star (perhaps more than 20 times the mass of the sun) sheds its gaseous outer layers through winds, spreading aluminum 26 and contaminating the material that would eventually form the solar system, while iron 60 remained locked inside the massive star's interior. If the solar system formed from this material, this alternate scenario would account for the abundances of both isotopes.

"In the future, this study must be considered when people build their story about solar system origin and formation," Tang said.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Chicago. The original article was written by Chelsea Leu.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

Journal Reference:

Haolan Tang, Nicolas Dauphas. Abundance, distribution, and origin of ⁶⁰Fe in the solar protoplanetary disk. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2012; 359-360: 248 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.10.011

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Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_science/~3/plRwYZjQr60/121217091017.htm

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Wednesday, November 28, 2012

?Big Data and Cloud Storage? Trend 2: Memory of the cloud brain ...

Posted by admin on Nov 28, 2012 in Big Data, Featured article, Mobile | 0 comments

Monday, October 22, 2012

Lack of sleep tied to teen sports injuries

ScienceDaily (Oct. 21, 2012) ? Adolescent athletes who slept eight or more hours each night were 68 percent less likely to be injured than athletes who regularly slept less, according to an abstract presented Oct. 21, at the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) National Conference and Exhibition in New Orleans.

For the abstract, "Lack of Sleep is Associated with Increased Risk of Injury in Adolescent Athletes," researchers asked middle and high school athletes (grades 7 to 12) enrolled at the Harvard-Westlake School in Studio City, Calif., to answer questions about the number of sports they played and the time they committed to athletics (at school and through other programs), whether they used a private coach, whether they participated in strength training, how much sleep they got on average each night, and how much they subjectively enjoyed their athletic participation. Seventy percent of the student athletes (112 out of 160 students; 54 males and 58 females; mean age 15) completed the survey, conducted in conjunction with Children's Hospital Los Angeles. Researchers then reviewed those students' school records pertaining to reported athletic injuries.

Hours of sleep per night was significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of injury, according to the study results. In addition, the higher the grade level of the athlete, the greater the likelihood of injury -- 2.3 times greater for each additional grade in school. Gender, weeks of participating in sports per year, hours of participation per week, number of sports, strength training, private coaching and subjective assessments of "having fun in sports" were not significantly associated with injury.

"While other studies have shown that lack of sleep can affect cognitive skills and fine motor skills, nobody has really looked at this subject in terms of the adolescent athletic population," said study author Matthew Milewski, MD.

"When we started this study, we thought the amount of sports played, year-round play, and increased specialization in sports would be much more important for injury risk," said Dr. Milewski. Instead, "what we found is that the two most important facts were hours of sleep and grade in school."

The advanced age risk may reflect a cumulative risk for injury after playing three or four years at the high school level, Milewski said, and older athletes are bigger, faster and stronger.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by American Academy of Pediatrics, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/most_popular/~3/AOyiNXJtPBs/121021102814.htm

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Thursday, August 16, 2012

Romney says Obama just trying to 'hang onto power'

President Barack Obama arrives at a campaign stop at RiverLoop Amphitheatre at the Waterloo Center for the Arts, Tuesday, Aug. 14, 2012, in Waterloo, Iowa. The president is on a three-day campaign bus tour through the state. (AP Photo/Charlie Neibergall)

Republican presidential candidate, former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney waves to the crowd during a rally Tuesday, Aug. 14, 2012, at the Century Mine Main Office Building near Beallsville, Ohio. (AP Photo/The Intelligencer, Scott Mccloskey)

Republican vice presidential candidate, U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan, R-Wis., speaks during a campaign event at Palo Verde High School on Tuesday, Aug. 14, 2012 in Las Vegas. (AP Photo/David Becker)

Vice President Joe Biden speaks at the Institute for Advanced Research and Learning in Danville, Va. on Tuesday, Aug. 14, 2012. (AP Photo/The Register & Bee, Steven Mantilla)

WASHINGTON (AP) ? Republican Mitt Romney dug in Wednesday on his charge that President Barack Obama's campaign is driven by "division and attack and hatred," criticism aimed at cutting into Obama's likeability and personal appeal with voters.

In some of his harshest words yet against the president, Romney said Obama was "running just to hang onto power, and I think he would do anything in his power" to remain in office. Romney's comments escalated an already acrimonious campaign fueled by negative and sometimes false advertisements, as well as personal insults from the candidates and their surrogates.

Obama's campaign said Romney's fresh assertions seemed "unhinged."

Romney replied: "I think unhinged would have to characterize what we've seen from the president's campaign."

"These personal attacks, I think, are just demeaning to the office of the White House," he added.

The latest rhetorical scuffle erupted Tuesday after Vice President Joe Biden told a largely black audience in Danville, Va., that Republicans would seek to "unchain Wall Street" and "put y'all back in chains" by loosening Wall Street regulations.

Biden later said he had meant to use the term "unshackled." But he did not apologize, and he mocked the Romney campaign for showing outrage.

In his interview Wednesday on "CBS This Morning," Romney said: "I can't speak for anybody else, but I can say that I think the comments of the vice president were one more example of a divisive effort to keep from talking about the issues."

Romney's onslaught comes as polls show Obama with a narrow lead over his Republican rival less than three months before the Nov. 6 election. On Saturday, Romney named Wisconsin Rep. Paul Ryan as his running mate, a pick aimed at energizing his party's conservative base.

Now Romney, straying from his campaign's efforts to stay singularly focused on jobs and the economy, is targeting Obama's greatest strength ? his likeability.

Every major poll in the past two months has found Obama's favorability rating in positive territory, while Romney's languishes at about even or worse and has deteriorated in some recent surveys.

Some of Romney's efforts to chip away at Obama's likeability have focused on negative ads run by the president's campaign and a super political action committee supporting him. Priorities USA Action ran a commercial suggesting Romney was personally responsible for the death from cancer of the wife of a man who worked at a steel plant that was bought and subsequently shut down by Romney's venture capital firm, Bain Capital.

"If you look at the ads that have been described and the divisiveness based upon income, age, ethnicity and so forth, it's designed to bring a sense of enmity and jealousy and anger," Romney said Wednesday.

The Romney campaign has run its own negative ads, including one widely discredited by independent fact-checkers that accuses Obama of gutting welfare reform. Romney's team is also running an ad that criticizes Obama for raiding the Medicare trust fund, a charge the president's team labeled dishonest and hypocritical.

Romney was holding private fundraisers Wednesday in North Carolina and Alabama. The president was campaigning in Iowa on Wednesday, the final day of his three-day bus trip through the Midwestern swing state. First lady Michelle Obama was joining the president for their first joint campaign appearance since May.

Before Romney unleashed his striking criticism of the president's campaign, much of the White House race this week had focused on Ryan's austere budget proposals.

Obama's campaign was launching state-specific efforts to target lesser-known elements of Ryan's budget, expanding beyond its opposition to the Republican vice presidential candidate's Medicare overhaul.

The developing Obama strategy comes as Romney and Ryan make clear they plan to campaign aggressively on Medicare, not run away from it. In person and in a television ad, the Republicans argued Tuesday that Obama is the one who cut spending for Medicare to put money toward his divisive health care overhaul.

In states with large military and veteran populations ? Florida, Ohio and Virginia among them ? the Obama campaign plans to attack Ryan's proposed cuts for veterans' benefits and care, a campaign official said. The official was not authorized to discuss the campaign strategy publicly and requested anonymity.

In Colorado, Ohio and Iowa, the campaign sees opportunities to capitalize on Ryan's proposed cuts to clean energy industries that are taking hold in those states. The Obama team will argue that cutting those investments would essentially cede new energy technologies ? and the jobs that could come with them ? to countries like China, the official said.

In Nevada and several other states, the campaign plans to push the impact of Ryan's budget on education, citing estimates that it would cut 200,000 children a year from Head Start, an early education program, and reduce Pell grants for 10 million college students.

The campaign launched an ad Tuesday in five states ? Colorado, Iowa, Nevada, Ohio and Virginia ? that links Romney directly to the Ryan budget's impact on college grants.

Obama's team may launch other paid advertising on elements of Ryan's budget soon. But for now, the campaign is focused on getting its message out in local media and directly to voters through its ample grass-roots network, which still trumps Romney's ground game in some states.

Despite ramping up new areas of attack, Obama's campaign is still eager to link Romney to Ryan's Medicare proposals, both on the national level and in battleground states with a significant number of voters over the age of 65, including Florida, Ohio, Iowa and Pennsylvania.

The president's pollsters wrote in a campaign memo that Ryan's Medicare proposals are a "game changer" in Florida, the battleground state with the most electoral votes up for grabs in November.

Ryan, interviewed on Fox News Channel, said he and Romney believe Medicare can be a winning issue for Republicans in the fall. "Absolutely, because we're the ones who are offering a plan to save Medicare, to protect Medicare, to strengthen Medicare," he said.

Ryan didn't say so, but the budgets he has written in the House both called for leaving in place the cuts to Medicare that he now criticizes. Romney has consistently favored restoring the funds, and his running mate said, "I joined the Romney ticket."

Obama campaign spokesman Danny Kanner criticized Ryan's answers, saying the Wisconsin congressman is "not ready for prime time."

"First, he attacked the president for the very same Medicare savings that he includes in his own budget," Kanner said in a statement. "In the same breath, he falsely claimed that the Romney-Ryan budget protects Medicare ? in fact, their plan would end Medicare as we know it, leaving seniors with nothing but a voucher in place of the guaranteed benefits they rely on today."

The Obama campaign released a web video Wednesday that declares Romney and Ryan "plan to end Medicare as we know it." It features news commentators and liberal analysts such as economist Paul Krugman declaring that Ryan's House Republican budget would mean millions of older Americans would be unable to afford health care.

The video declares that Romney has lied about Obama's record on Medicare, and says Obama's proposal cuts payments to Medicare providers but offers more benefits to Medicare participants.

Romney and the Republican National Committee also released a new Spanish-language TV ad Wednesday highlighting Obama's economic policies. Romney's campaign didn't say where it would run or how much money they plan to spend on it.

___

Associated Press writers Kasie Hunt in Columbus, Ohio, and Jim Kuhnhenn in Washington contributed to this report.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/89ae8247abe8493fae24405546e9a1aa/Article_2012-08-15-Presidential%20Campaign/id-cff22501514745a380c275bfa467b7a9

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Friday, June 8, 2012

Video: Vote for?Mint Wrongy?

Foursquare's no longer just about where you currently are

Foursquare is getting a snazzy redesign. On Thursday, brand-new versions of the location-based social networking service's apps are being released. What's changing? Well ... a lot. The app's basically been torn apart and rebuilt from the ground up. It no longer simply helps you share your location, but now actually guides you to new places.

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What Happens When You Inherit George Zimmerman's Old Phone Number [WTFriday]

Click here to read What Happens When You Inherit George Zimmerman's Old Phone Number

A 49-year-old wastewater treatment plant worker named Junior Alexander Guy got a cell phone for the first time last month. Immediately he started receiving menacing calls, but the people on the other end weren't dialing the wrong number. The smarties at T-Mobile had actually given the poor soul the digits that once belonged to George Zimmerman, the Florida man who shot Trayvon Martin in February. More »

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Bonnaroo Gets Party Started With Alabama Shakes, Kendrick Lamar

Variety is the rule at Tennessee festival's Thursday kickoff.
By Mary J. DiMeglio

Kendrick Lamar performs at Bonnaroo 2012
Photo: Tim Mosenfelder/ Getty Images

MANCHESTER, Tennessee — The 11th annual Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival kicked off Thursday with a characteristically diverse mix of artists representing funk, blues, hip-hop, reggae, electronic, indie rock and even mariachi.

The rootsy Alabama Shakes, who broke earlier this year, nabbed a closing spot on opening night, grooving through "Hang Loose" and their first single, "Hold On." Frontwoman Brittany Howard had the crowd feeling her pain as she wailed "Rise to the Sun."

For photos from Bonnaroo, click here.

Kendrick Lamar brought his West Coast gangsta rap to the dirty South. And while he clearly had many fans in the crowd — spitting along to "P & P" and "A.D.H.D." — he took time to address a vocal hater in the front row. "He's telling us that I'm not the best rapper alive today," Lamar announced. "Can I prove it to him?" He responded with the frantic "Look Out for Detox." Earlier in the night, the stage was handled by rappers Danny Brown and Shady Records signee Yelawolf.

SOJA's devotees were treated to "Here I Am," "Everything Changes" and a bit of advice from singer Jacob Hemphill, who urged his audience of reggae lovers to check out Bad Brains, hard-core punk pioneers who also delved into reggae. Bad Brains are scheduled for their first Bonnaroo appearance on Saturday afternoon.

Just after sunset, Moon Taxi lit up That Tent with jazzy keyboard and bass solos. Also Thursday, Big Gigantic managed to seamlessly blend Jay-Z's "Dirt Off Your Shoulder," Aloe Blacc's "I Need a Dollar," electro and high-speed drum and bass — all while featuring live saxophone. Mimosa gave a shout-out to fellow Bonnaroo performer Ludacris, mixing the rapper's "What's Your Fantasy" into a set that also included DJ Darude's decade-old trance classic "Sandstorm."

Over four days, nights and early mornings, Bonnaroo will bring fans more than 150 bands and nearly two dozen comedians. Friday (June 8) features Radiohead, Foster the People, Feist, and Mos Def and Talib Kweli as Black Star. The 2012 lineup also includes Red Hot Chili Peppers, the Beach Boys, Phish, Skrillex, Alice Cooper, Fun. and Bon Iver.

Are you at Bonnaroo? Share your review in the comments below!

Related Photos

2012 Bonnaroo Music And Arts Festival

Tuesday, May 22, 2012

Iraq attacks kill three

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HTC Bluetooth music adapter now shipping from Sprint

HTC Bluetooth Music Adaptor

We've been waiting to get the HTC Bluetooth Music Adaptor into our cars since we first saw it at Mobile World Congress in February, and now it's finally available for purchase. As you'll recall, it's a simple dongle that plugs into your car stereo AUX port (or any other 3.5mm jack, really), and allows you to wirelessly stream your music over Bluetooth. And in addition to using the standard A2DP profile, it's got the CSR aptX codec, so your music (theoretically) should sound great over the notoriously janky Bluetooth. Sprint's currently got the adaptor listed at $59.99.

Could you just plug in your phone via the 3.5mm jack? Sure. But that's not really The Future, is it? The other caveat is that you'll have to keep the adaptor charged, but Sprint rates it at 5 hours of play time and 120 hours of standby time. We've got our order on the way, so stay tuned for the full review.

Purchase: HTC Bluetooth Music Adaptor from Sprint; via EVO 4G LTE forums

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Cory Booker 'Fit To Be Tied' After GOP's 'I Stand with Cory Booker' Email

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How To Unlock All Mario Tennis Open Characters - Video Games ...

Our Mario Tennis Open unlockable characters guide shows you how to unlock all 4 secret characters in Mario Tennis Open. That?s hidden, for a total of 17 characters. We show you exactly what steps to take for unlocking all characters for Nintendo?s new 3DS entry in the beloved Mario Tennis series.

From the beginning you have access to 13 characters in Mario Tennis Open on Nintendo 3DS, namely: Mario (All-Round), Luigi (All-Round), Peach (Technique), Daisy (Technique), Waluigi (Defense), Bowser (Power), Donkey Kong (Power), Wario (Power), Yoshi (Speed), Diddy Kong (Speed), Boo (Tricky), Bowser Jr. (Tricky), Mii (Custom). But there are also 4 hidden characters ? namely: Baby Peach (Tricky), Baby Mario (Speed), Luma (Technique), Dry Bowser (Defense) ? who can be unlocked by completing the following requirements in the sports game.

All of the below game modes can be found by going from the Main Menu, into the Special Games section.

1. How to Unlock Baby Peach

Mario Tennis Open Baby Peach Character Unlock Screen

To unlock Baby Peach (Tricky): You need to get to the third difficulty level in ?Ring Shot? Mode. Once the so-called Pro Rings difficulty is unlocked you have to complete it to get the new character unlocked. In it you must score at least 500 ring points within 3 minutes.

2. How to Unlock Baby Mario

Mario Tennis Open Characters

To unlock Baby Mario (Speed): You have to finish Level 1-3 in ?Super Mario Tennis? Mode. In which you must get the ball to the goal before time runs out.

3. How to Unlock Luma

Mario Tennis Open Luma Character Unlockable Select Screen

To unlock Luma (Technique): You need to get to the third difficulty level in ?Galaxy Rally? Mode. Once the so-called Superstar difficulty is unlocked you have to finish it to get the new character unlocked. In it you must complete a 100-hit rally with fewer than 3 misses.

4. How to Unlock Dry Bowser

Mario Tennis Open Dry Bowser Character Roster Screenshot

To unlock Dry Bowser (Defense): You need to get to the third difficulty level in ?Ink Showdown? Mode. Once the so-called Inksplosion difficulty is unlocked you have to finish it to get the new character unlocked. In it you must score 30 times without letting your opponent return the ball.

Unlockable Courts

How to unlock extra courts: Additionally, there are 2 courts you can unlock in Mario Tennis Open by finishing the Star Open?s ?Final Cup?. To do that first complete the Mushroom, Flower, Banana & Champions Cups to get the Star Open. Finish it with a powered-up Star-version of the character (the ones you finished a Cup in the World Open with, indicated with a trophy on bottom of the character select screen) you play through it with, to get these courts unlocked:

#1. Crystal Court (in Galaxy Arena).
#2. Morph Court (in Galaxy Arena).

See how it?s done in this Mario Tennis Open Characters & Courts guide:

Unlockable Costumes

Mario Tennis Open QR Code Green Yoshi Costume for Mii Character

Mario Tennis Open QR Code Blue Yoshi Costume for Mii Character

How to unlock extra costumes for your Mii character: Club Nintendo has given out a QR Code (shown above) to give you the secret Yoshi Costumes for your Mii. Above is the green Yoshi suit, and right below it is the blue Yoshi suit?s QR Code.

To unlock them, take these steps:
A) Use Mario Tennis Open?s hidden QR Reader by going to the Main Menu?s File Select screen. Once there: Hold up on the Directional control-pad and press the Start button. This will activate your 3DS camera?s QR Reader to scan your QR Code with.
B) Now line up your camera with the QR Code above until it fills your 3DS?s top screen. Then your 3DS system will automatically recognize the Yoshi Costume and add it to the game!

See how it?s done in this Mario Tennis Open Costumes guide:

Credit goes to Gamexplain for the discovery.

Thanks for visiting! Please comment if you?ve found any other unlockables in Mario Tennis Open.

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Sunday, May 20, 2012

Chiropractor's Treatment Techniques for Body/Back Pains, Sports ...

Back/body pains caused by athletics and accidents acquired in daily activities are usually treated by the certified chiropractor using methods that are holistic. A certified chiropractic doctor usually has particular control of certain difficulties ? kinds of treatment that do not require complex surgical procedure.

So, what are these techniques? The following are some ways chiropractors use regarding treatment:

Productive Release Approach ? soft muscle movement primarily based massage technique that snacks problems with muscles, tendons, suspensory ligaments, fascia, and also nerves, etc. It is non-invasive, very safe and secure, has hardly any side effects, and possesses a record of producing amazing results.

Graston Approach ? an innovative and also proven approach to the diagnosis and also treatment of soft-tissue accidents. It utilizes an instrument that is specifically designed in order to detect and also treat soft-tissue fibrosis in order to reduce soreness and bring back function.

Kinesiotape ? chiropractors employ this instrument to guide and secure joints and muscles for athletic conditions and conditions occur coming from everyday living. This particular instrument gets the property in which activates your neurological and also circulatory method.

Pineapple Health and fitness Whole Body Moaning ? this system works by rousing the natural fold and reflex of muscles, using the muscles to continually contract and relax. Pineapple WBV system is employed for a variety of conditions including ambulatory lower back and disc conditions.

Laser beam Therapy ? chiropractor also have laser remedy, a non-surgical selection that truly has the ability to eliminate or perhaps essentially lessen pain. The task could contain 5 to 10 brief treatments to acquire life-changing results.

Flexion/Distraction Therapy ? it is just a gentle, non-force altering procedure that works with the body?s organic ability regarding proper healing of disc and bones related accidents. The procedure in this technique uses a special table for more efficient results.

Supports a.nited kingdom.a shoe inserts ? are built to correct ft . posture and also abnormal or perhaps irregular strolling patterns. The particular orthotic technique is aimed at re-aligning ft . and bone fragments in the rearfoot into natural position, and thus restoring organic foot perform.

Spinal decompression technique ? this system relieves soreness by enlarging the space between the discs and also areas surrounding the nerve roots. Decompression is a very efficient treatment for probably the most severe instances of herniation, weakening, and other related health conditions.

The vibracussor technique ? the application of vibracussor, an instrument that is popular in many of prime sports agencies, helps relieve muscle soreness, ligament and also related myofascial conditions such as keloid tissue/muscle adhesions.

Peyton Sullivan has been a expert designer in over Eleven yrs and been writing masterful innovations with neck pain in part of his involvement from New Ideas Team ,a new creative team for creative people. Read more about his back pain website to learn All about his back pain tips over the years.

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Major Benefits Of Health Coaching | Law Of Self Improvement Laws

Health coaching is one of the latest trends in health and wellness market. It cannot be rebuffed that numerous people have become more aware of the necessity to take good care of their health and wellness. We have all noticed several different types of illnesses coming out these days. It pays off to keep healthy and far from these sicknesses.

Health coaching is useful in several ways such as the following:

Have you ever tried losing weight but don?t acquire any agreeable end result from it? Numerous people have attempted to lose weight the wrong way. If you don?t do it right, you will not obtain any beneficial end result from it. A health coach will guide you to the correct way of losing weight and keeping a healthy weight. A health coach will know the correct weight loss tactics for your type of body.

Health coaching will help you maintain on track in your objective of remaining healthy. Maintaining a healthy and balanced diet and regular workout is truly challenging. A lot of people cease at one point merely because they are no longer motivated to do so. Keeping on track is less complicated if you have a health coach who is pushing you to attain your aim and consistently motivating you.

Health coaching assures that you pick the appropriate health and wellness programs for you. Different people have diverse needs. You can?t merely search the world wide web for a health program and stick to it. The health program really should be appropriate to your body requirements. You can observe a specific health program diligently and still not obtain any acceptable outcome from it if it is not ideal to your body needs. It is essential that a professional health coach analyse your body needs first before?assigning a specific health and wellness program for you.

Health coaching surely is beneficial to people. Several people have already realized?the need for this type of coaching and this gave way to the rise on the need for health coaching jobs. A lot of health specialists are already getting their health coaching certification to be able to become certified health coaches. With all the health coaches worldwide, looking for a health coaching program is made a whole lot easier.

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The Communications Network ? Director of Communications-The ...

Location:
San Diego

Organization:
The Nutrition Science Initiative (NuSI) is an independent 501(c)(3) non-profit research organization dedicated to reducing the economic and social burden of obesity and obesity-related chronic disease by improving the quality of science in nutrition and obesity research.? Building on the deep expertise and broad experience of its staff, advisors, and consortium members, NuSI engages policymakers, healthcare providers, and the public with rigorous research, ideas and analysis. NuSI seeks to facilitate a consensus within the scientific community that will resolve the ongoing nutrition science debate and lay the groundwork for reducing the burdens of obesity for future generations. NuSI is located in San Diego, California.

Position Description:
NuSI seeks to hire a Director of Communications to communicate and disseminate the organization?s research products, establish and maintain critical partnerships in the nutrition science and media communities, manage public events, and otherwise ensure that NuSI?s work has the greatest possible impact. This person will be responsible for executing NuSI?s overall communications strategy, including but not limited to print and electronic publications; website design and content; public and media relations; and event planning. This position reports to the President of NuSI and works closely with other NuSI directors, researchers and staff on a variety of strategic initiatives.

Responsibilities

Strategic Planning and Project Management

Work with?NuSI?researchers and executive team to maximize the impact of?NuSI?research, events, and analysis;
Define and coordinate a comprehensive communications strategy, including establishing and maintaining policies and procedures for information dissemination?with?NuSI?leadership, affiliates, and staff;
Develop and manage a project-based strategic plan for external relations;
Manage the day-to-day operations of external relations, including media outreach, publication design and production, event planning and implementation, website development and maintenance;
Create and maintain budgets for external relations programs;
Manage and mentor external relations staff;
Manage consultants as-needed for government relations;
Establish and evaluate metrics of?NuSI?s external engagement and impact in the?nutrition science?and public arenas;?and
Establish, maintain and coordinate outreach databases across?NuSI.

Outreach and Media Relations

Spearhead outreach to NuSI?s?four?target?audiences: the public, physicians and?other healthcare?providers, the medical establishment (e.g., NIH, ADA, AMA),?influential scientists,?and policy makers
Develop a comprehensive strategy for how to engage, educate, and advocate with each?target audience, as appropriately defined;
Develop and implement innovative modes of media engagement;
Maintain strong relationships with key media representatives;
Establish NuSI as the objective voice of reason on all nutrition science-related topics in the media;
Leverage the profile and reach of?NuSI-affiliated scientists?by targeting reports and opinion pieces in leading news media and arranging?other?press opportunities;
Develop and apply cutting-edge social media tools to expand the?NuSI?message beyond the immediate?nutrition?community;
Oversee the management of?small and large events;
Oversee content management on the NuSI?website, including the??Commonly asked questions??and??Nutrition science myths??scientific database in collaboration with the Director of Research; and
Oversee the design and production of?NuSI?publications.

Qualifications:

In-depth experience in strategic communications,?public relations, marketing, or?equivalent;
Strong interest in?nutrition science, health policy, and economics;
Commitment to travel when necessary;
Familiarity?with?shaping?public policy at the Federal level;
Proven track record in strategic planning and in executing internal and external communications plans;
Established relationships with television, radio, print, and online media?is preferred;
Experience with web-based communications and social media outreach;
Excellent?oral?and written communication skills;
Proven record of?strong leadership, interpersonal and management ability;
Position requires consecutive hours of sitting/desk work, typing/computer work and some air and car travel;
Legal right to work in the United States;?and
Willingness to relocate to San Diego, CA.

How To Apply:
A complete application must include a cover letter explaining interest in and qualifications for the position, a r?sum? or CV, and three references. Email to?Rachel Rosenberg,?Operations Manager at?rahel@nusi.org.

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Saturday, May 19, 2012

Ovarian Cervical Uterine Cancer | Cancer Symptoms

There are many medical issues that females should know and they ought to be getting preventative actions to stop. A number of these issues are particularly woman-centered, such as ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancers. Nevertheless, women also make up over half associated with Alzheimer?s disease people, around Several.4 trillion out of Your five.4 thousand People in the usa managing this ailment. Helping females to know the risks as well as the signs of specific woman-specific ailments, and also preventive and also treatment methods, is vital.
The big types of cancer that will influence girls are uterine types of cancer: cervical, ovarian, along with endometrial. Cancer of the breast in addition mostly affects women, however there are cases of male people clinically determined to have breast cancer. These types of cancer, generally, might be prevented, but at times your household history is sufficient increase the risk for ailment.
Cervical cancers might be captured first if you are frequently going to your doctor for any smear apply. You should also consider giving up smoking should you smoking, or staying away from secondhand light up should you not. Cigarettes are already for this development of a lot of cancers, and aside from the clear ones such as lung and jaws cancers, they actually do furthermore result in cervical cancer. You might like to take into account in addition receiving the HPV vaccine if you are below 28 years.
Ovarian most cancers is one of the much more frustrating ailments to diagnose because there are no effective screening exams and no one can tell what causes it. Taking Fenretidine, the synthetic way of Vit a, can help to protect women in opposition to ovarian cancer malignancy and also breast cancer, but there aren?t adequate scientific studies which show this particular to get an absolute. The best option, sadly, is to get your current ovaries operatively removed. This might not really exclude your chances of acquiring ovarian cancer malignancy entirely, but it?s one of the most commonly encouraged answer for patients who will be high risk because of their ancestors and family history.
Endometrial cancer?s result in is also not known, as well as unfortunately, re-decorating the commonest form of cancers inside uterine location. High numbers of oestrogen appear to be one factor in whether or not a female evolves this complaint. Also, when you have diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovarian affliction (PCOS), haven?t ever been recently expecting a baby, or tend to be infertile, your current danger element raises. To help you reduce endometrial cancer malignancy, you should attempt training, changing your diet plan to introduce soy-based meals, of course, if you?ll still will probably, having a baby and breastfeeding your baby.
Alzheimer?s disease can be a depressing and difficult illness to handle. Picture losing your own recollections of people you adore. It may be upsetting to learn there can be absolutely nothing that can be done to stop it?s starting point; fortunately, there are some stuff that may help. Regular exercise Half a dozen times per week for about Half an hour could minimize your own threat factor. You should also consider altering your diet plan to incorporate heart-healthy food items such as trout and tuna, as well as excluding pork and deep-fried food. Try adding in a number of cups of natural or perhaps white-colored green tea as well. Obtaining a top quality level of slumber is beneficial in every case, but most specially when trying to prevent Alzheimer?s disease. Develop lowering tension in all areas of your daily life, and remain as energetic as you can.

by?Mais detalhes?mais informa??es

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Investment Property ?Entities? ? Seriously? Measure All Real Estate ...

The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) has long had guidance on how to measure investment properties. Recently, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), to achieve consistency with its counterpart across the pond (at least that was the theory), set out to measure some investment properties at fair value. But what it came up with was quite different from the IASB guidance.?

Indeed, the FASB?s recent proposal devises a new type of entity: Investment Property Entities (IPE). The proposal lays out six criteria that an entity must meet to qualify as an IPE. And it requires only those entities qualifying as IPEs to measure their investment properties (real estate held for investment purposes, as opposed to all other real estate) at fair value. Unlike the IASB guidance, the requirement to measure investment properties at fair value is not based upon the asset itself. Rather it is based on who owns the asset (an entity-based approach) and why they say they own it (an intent-based approach).

Oppose Entity- and Intent-Based Approaches

The FASB has not explained ? perhaps because it defies explanation ? how the economic value of an asset differs depending on what sort of entity it is ?housed? in. Nor does an asset?s ?value? differ because management expresses an intent, which can change over time, to hold it for investment purposes. This is not grounded in economic logic.

Surely an asset?s value goes up or down depending on the market, not because of who owns it or why.?Fair value is the most relevant measure for all investment properties ? not only for those held by these so-called IPEs ? because it reflects what is going on in the marketplace.

Relevance of Fair Value for Real Estate across Broad Spectrum of Enterprises

We asked our members whether they believe fair value is the relevant measure for real estate held by firms for investment purposes. A staggering 80 percent of survey respondents said it is!

Our members have told us they believe fair value is the most relevant measurement basis for investment properties irrespective of the type of entity owning the real estate. We believe it is reasonable to assert that fair value is the most relevant measurement basis for all real estate properties (not just investment properties) held across a broad spectrum of enterprises (not just IPEs).

In our comment letter to the FASB, we analyze several examples that provide empirical evidence of the relevance of real estate fair value information to the investment decision-making process across a range of enterprises:

Real estate development and/or operating companies (St. Joe Company)
Entities which invest in real estate to support operating activities (MetLife)
Businesses that utilize real estate in their operations (Sears)
Diversified businesses (General Electric)

In this blog post we provide one of the examples, but we would encourage you to consider the other examples contained in our letter as they are amazingly vivid illustrations of the point we are making to the FASB.

Let?s look more closely at the St. Joe Company. A recent Wall Street Journal article, ?St. Joe Pares Back Its Florida Vision,? analyzes an SEC filing where the company discloses a long-awaited impairment charge as a result of adopting a ?new real estate investment strategy.? This strategy resulted in a real estate write-off of $374.8 million ? nearly 80 percent of the value of the related real estate of $466.2 million ? to a value of $91.4 million. The write-off represented nearly 40 percent of the company?s total assets and equity prior to the write-off. Until then, the company had not disclosed the fair value of the real estate.

The article talks about two well-known fund managers, Bruce Berkowitz (long position) and David Einhorn (short position) who took opposite views on the company based upon the underlying ? but undisclosed ? real estate fair values. Why is this example important? Because it illustrates that while Berkowitz and Einhorn may have had very different views regarding the value of the real estate, the fair value of the real estate is highly relevant to the valuation of such companies ? companies which would not be IPEs under the FASB proposal and thus would not disclose fair value in the financial statements. It does not matter which party is right; what matters is that both parties took different positions based upon the lack of available information regarding real estate fair values. The example illustrates that fair value of real estate is relevant even if housed within a real estate operating company like St. Joe.

Further, the example illustrates fair value is relevant irrespective of management?s stated intent. In this circumstance management intent changed over time because market conditions forced the change (the stated intent to develop was unrealistic and the underlying market conditions driving the fair value of the property prevailed). Management?s desired intent was irrelevant.?

The St. Joe Company example also demonstrates that while sophisticated shareholders such as Berkowitz and Einhorn, who have the resources to obtain estimated property values from tax records, may have an informational advantage over other shareholders, even they may not be able to make reliable estimates given the lack of sufficient disclosure. Only management had the complete information upon which to obtain reliable fair value estimates.

Our view is that this example (and the three others in our comment letter) illustrate why it is important that real estate investment properties be measured at fair value ? even in entities that are not IPEs ? and that fair value be disclosed for all other real estate.?Investors are best served when valuable, relevant ?information is provided in a timely manner.?

Approach We Suggest the FASB Take

We support an asset based approach that requires measurement of investment properties at fair value with disclosure of fair value information for all other real estate.

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Monday, December 24, 2012

Tuesday, December 18, 2012

Wednesday, November 28, 2012

Monday, October 22, 2012

Thursday, August 16, 2012

Friday, June 8, 2012

Foursquare's no longer just about where you currently are

Tuesday, May 22, 2012

Table of Contents

1. How to Unlock Baby Peach

2. How to Unlock Baby Mario

3. How to Unlock Luma

4. How to Unlock Dry Bowser

Unlockable Courts

Unlockable Costumes

Sunday, May 20, 2012

Strategic Planning and Project Management

Outreach and Media Relations

Saturday, May 19, 2012